Bibliography

 

Presented in PAA Conference 

 

Title: Public Health Investments and the Infant Mortality Gap: Evidence from Federal Sanitation Interventions on U.S. Indian Reservations.

Author: Tara Watson, Princeton University

Presented in: PAA2004 Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1-3, 2004.

To what extent do differential levels of in public health inputs explain observed differences in health outcomes across socioeconomic and racial groups? This study investigates the impact of 3700 projects that were part of a widespread Federal initiative to improve sanitation infrastructure on U.S. Indian reservations starting in 1960. Sanitation reductions in both waterborne gastrointestinal disease and infectious respiratory diesase among Native American infants. The sanitation program was quite cost-effective, in part because improvements in the overall disease environment also reduced infectious respiratory disease among nearby white infants. Despite the health externalities, sanitation interventions explain about a third of the remarkable convergence in Native American and white infant mortality rates in reservation counties between 1960 and 1998.

 

Title: Access to Safe Drinking Water: Effects on Health and Time Management in Andhra Pradesh, India

Authors:Garimella Rama Rao, Garimella Rohini Devi and M.N.V. Prasad International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), SK Somaiya College of Arts and Commerce

Presented in :PAA2004 Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1-3, 2004.

The paper focuses on the significant role played by access to safe drinking water on human health as well as on time management. The study is based on a comparison of salient characteristics of villages covered by the Sri Sathya Sai Water Supply Project (in Anantapur district) with those of adjacent, similar villages not covered by the scheme. It was found that access to safe drinking water had resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence rates of waterborne diseases as well as ailments related to fluoride ingestion. Moreover, the women in the household who traditionally play the major role in collection and storage of water needed for household requirements had to spend less time and effort for it. As a consequence, they had more time to devote to household work and teaching their children. There was a significant improvement in their health and reduction in quarrels over water.

 

Title: The Effects of ‘Improvements’ in the Water Supply on the Mortality of Cities at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Gretchen.A. Condran, Rose Cheney and Harold Lentzner
Presented in:PAA 2004 Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May1-3, 2004

At the turn of the Twentieth Century, changes in the water supplied to cities were undertaken to lower urban mortality. Previous studies have linked sanitation interventions to mortality decline, however, the measures relating to water supplies have often been quite general and the link to mortality more speculative than empirically established. In this paper we examine the changes in water supplies in New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia and Chicago in detail and relate the changing water supplies to changes in mortality from specific causes of death, including: typhoid fever, the cause of death most consistently linked to the condition of the water supply; other diseases considered to have been water-borne; and the seasonal pattern of mortality among both children and adults. Our analysis focuses on comparisons both across cities and across areal units within cities that had different strategies and timing of interventions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title:Population and Environment Relationships in Developing Countries: A Select Review of Approaches and Methods
Author: Mahendra Panda
Presented in :PAA2004 Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1-3, 2004.

 

Diversity of opinion, theory and conceptual approaches characterizes to discuss the issue related to the population and environment relationships in developing countries. Population and environment relationships, including the understanding of global relationship, however, will be built upon empirical evidence rather than the researcher’s assumptions. Micro- level studies most importantly ofer a way to accumlate and apply, little by little, information for constructing realistic policies affecting population and environment relationships at the household, community, regional and ultimately national level and alternative foundation of grass- roots involvement rather than global pronouncements of doom. The adage, ‘Think global and Act Local’ has particular significance in this context. For the near future, the ‘bottom- up’ approach of micro-level study rather than the ‘trickle-down’ approach of macro-level study should be the driving force in social science research on population and environment relationships. this paper is an attempt in this perspective.

 

Title: Impact of An Irrigation Project on Demographic Behaviour of Rural Maharashtra.
Author: Dr. Dewaram A. Nagdeve
Presented in :PAA2004 Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1-3, 2004.

 

The impact of a irrigation project of demographic behaviour through agricultural development and socio-economic characteristics of the rural population are of special importance or developing country like India. The present paper is an attempt to study the effects of a irrigation project of demographic behaviour of rural Maharashtra. The data has been used from IIPS Research Project entitled “Impact of a Irrigation Project on Demographic Behaviour of Rural Maharashtra conducted in 2001-2002. The reference period was 2000. The data has been collected from two irrigated and two non-irrigated villages in Bhandara district using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The complete enumeration of the populations of the villages was conducted. The research is a combination of matched perspective and case control studies. A thropological approach was used for collection of extensive information on population change and development. It is revealed from an anlysis that the irrigation project has change demographic behaviour of the population in irrigated area. The irrigated area has lower fertility and higher child survival as compared to non -irrigated area. The higher fertility and higher child loss is found to be in non-irrigated area. The mean number of children ever born varies significantly with respect to mother ’s education, husband’s education, husband’s occupation, household income,caste of the household and marital duration in both irrigated and non -irrigated villages. The knowledge of at least one modern method of contraceptives is almost universal in irrigated villages whereas 88 percent of the respondents in non-irrigated villages had knowledgen of at least one modern method of contraceptives. Female sterilization is found to be mostly know method followed by condom, pill and male sterilization in both irrigated and non-irrigated villages. The paper concludes with some population policy reflections and emphasizes the potential importance of rural development related irrigation project on demographic behaviour in irrigated area and negative consequences in non-irrigated area. Population Policy aimed to change demographic behaviour should certainly include efforts to co-ordinate development projects with demographic behaviour.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title: Poeople and the Environment: Approaches for Linking Household and Community Surveys to Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Jefferson Fox, Ronald R. Misra Rindfuss, Stephen J. Walsh and Vinod (eds)
Publisher: Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers
Year: 2003.

 

People and the Environment: Approaches for Linking Household and Community Surveys to Remote Sensing and GIS addresses a need for a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of linking across thematic domains (e.g. Social, biophysical and geographical) and across space and time scales for research and study winin the context of human-environment interactions. The human dimensions research community, LULCC program, and human and landsacape ecology communities are collectively viewing the landscape with a spatially-explicit perspective, where people are viewd as agents of landscape change that shape and ae shapaed by the landscape and where landscape form and function are assessed with a space-time context. Current researchers and those following this early group of integrative scientists face challenges in conducting theis type of research, but the potential rewards for insight are substantial.communities are collectively viewing the landscape with a spatially-explicit perspective, where people are viewd as agents of landscape change that shape and ae shapaed by the landscape and where landscape form and function are assessed with a space-time context. Current researchers and those following this early group of integrative scientists face challenges in conducting theis type of research, but the potential rewards for insight are substantial. People and the Environment will appeal to a wide range of natural, social and spatial scientists with interest in conducting population and environment research and thereby characterizing (a) land use and land cover dynamics through remote sensing (b) demographic and socio-economic variables through household and community surveys and (c)local site and situation throiugh resource endowments geographical accssibility and connections of people to place through GIS. Case studies are used to esamine theories and practices useful in linking poeple and the environment. Also described are land use and land cover dynamics and the associated social, biophysical and geographical drivers of change articulated through human-environment interactions.

 

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