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Bibliography
Presented in PAA
Conference
Title: Public Health
Investments and the Infant Mortality Gap: Evidence from
Federal Sanitation Interventions on U.S. Indian
Reservations.
Author: Tara Watson,
Princeton University
Presented in: PAA2004
Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1-3,
2004.
To what extent do differential levels of in public
health inputs explain observed differences in health
outcomes across socioeconomic and racial groups? This
study investigates the impact of 3700 projects that were
part of a widespread Federal initiative to improve
sanitation infrastructure on U.S. Indian reservations
starting in 1960. Sanitation reductions in both
waterborne gastrointestinal disease and infectious
respiratory diesase among Native American infants. The
sanitation program was quite cost-effective, in part
because improvements in the overall disease environment
also reduced infectious respiratory disease among nearby
white infants. Despite the health externalities,
sanitation interventions explain about a third of the
remarkable convergence in Native American and white
infant mortality rates in reservation counties between
1960 and 1998.
Title: Access to Safe
Drinking Water: Effects on Health and Time Management in
Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors:Garimella Rama Rao,
Garimella Rohini Devi and M.N.V. Prasad International
Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), SK Somaiya
College of Arts and Commerce
Presented in :PAA2004
Annual Meeting, held at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1-3,
2004.
The paper focuses on the significant role played by
access to safe drinking water on human health as well as
on time management. The study is based on a comparison
of salient characteristics of villages covered by the
Sri Sathya Sai Water Supply Project (in Anantapur
district) with those of adjacent, similar villages not
covered by the scheme. It was found that access to safe
drinking water had resulted in a significant reduction
in the incidence rates of waterborne diseases as well as
ailments related to fluoride ingestion. Moreover, the
women in the household who traditionally play the major
role in collection and storage of water needed for
household requirements had to spend less time and effort
for it. As a consequence, they had more time to devote
to household work and teaching their children. There was
a significant improvement in their health and reduction
in quarrels over water.
Title: The Effects of
‘Improvements’ in the Water Supply on the Mortality of
Cities at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Gretchen.A. Condran, Rose Cheney and Harold
Lentzner
Presented in:PAA 2004 Annual Meeting, held at Boston,
Massachusetts, May1-3, 2004
At the turn of the Twentieth
Century, changes in the water supplied to cities were
undertaken to lower urban mortality. Previous studies
have linked sanitation interventions to mortality
decline, however, the measures relating to water
supplies have often been quite general and the link to
mortality more speculative than empirically established.
In this paper we examine the changes in water supplies
in New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia and Chicago in
detail and relate the changing water supplies to changes
in mortality from specific causes of death, including:
typhoid fever, the cause of death most consistently
linked to the condition of the water supply; other
diseases considered to have been water-borne; and the
seasonal pattern of mortality among both children and
adults. Our analysis focuses on comparisons both across
cities and across areal units within cities that had
different strategies and timing of interventions.
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